The Gower dialect refers to the older vocabulary or

slang Slang is vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in spoken conversation but avoided in formal writing. It also sometimes refers to the language generally exclusive to the members of particular in-g ...

of the

Gower Peninsula Gower ( cy, Gŵyr) or the Gower Peninsula () in southwest Wales, projects towards the Bristol Channel. It is the most westerly part of the historic county of Glamorgan. In 1956, the majority of Gower became the first area in the United Kingdom ...

on the south Wales coast. It was Normanised/Anglicised relatively early after the Norman conquest of England. Relatively cut off from the Welsh hinterland, but with coastal links across south Wales and the West Country, the region developed their distinct English

dialect The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena: One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a ...

which endured to within living memory.

History

The Gower Peninsula was geographically insulated from 'mainland' modern language influences until well into the twentieth century. A number of words and pronunciations were recorded during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as distinct usages in Gower — many of which might once have been widespread but which had fallen out of use in the developing standard English. Some Gower words seem to derive from the

Welsh language Welsh ( or ) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. Welsh is spoken natively in Wales, by some in England, and in Y Wladfa (the Welsh colony in Chubut Province, Argentina). Historically, it has ...

(e.g. ''pentan''), but many more of the words and usages are cognate with English country dialects including those of South Devon, Somerset and Wiltshire.

Vocabulary

* Angletouch - a worm * Back - iron plate, part of a dredge * Beader/bidder - person appointed to summon guests to a Gower wedding * Bellamine - unglazed brown earthenware pitcher (cf Bellarmine) * Bett - prepared turf used for hedging * Blonkers - sparks * Bossey - a calf still running with its mother * Bubback - scarecrow; dull person * Bumbagus - the bittern (cf Welsh ''aderyn y bwn'') * Butt - a small cart * Caffle - tangle * Carthen - winnowing sheet * Casn't - cannot * Cassaddle - harness piece for a draught horse * Cavey - humble * Charnel - box-like space above the fireplace, often used for hanging bacon * Clavvy/ Clevvy - large oak beam supporting the inner wall of a chimney * Clever - fine (adj) * Cliffage - tithe on quarried limestone, payable to the Lord of the Manor * Cloam - earthenware * Cratch - haystack * Culm - small coal used in lime-burning * Cust - could * Cuzzening - coaxing * Dab - a large stone used in playing duckstone * Deal - a litter (of pigs) * Dobbin - large mug * Dowset - Gower dish, similar to 'whitepot' (below) * Drangway - narrow lane or alleyway * Drashel - a flail * Dree - three * Dreppance - three pence * Drow - throw * Dryth - dryness * Dumbledarry - cockchafer * Evil - a three pronged dung-fork * Frawst / froist - a dainty meal (n); frightened/astonished (adj) * Gake - yawn * Galeeny - guinea-fowl * Gambo - a cart; wagon * Glaster - buttermilk in the churn * Gloice - a sharp pang of pain * Gurgins - coarse flour * Gwain - going * Hambrack/hamrach - a straw horse-collar (cf 'rach') * Herring-gutted - lean, skinny * Holmes - holly * Inklemaker - busy person * Ipson - the quantity that can be held in a pair of cupped hands * Ite - yet * Jalap - liniment; laxative tonic * Jorum - large helping of tea or beer * Keek - to peep * Keelage - foreshore berthing fee due to the Lord of the Manor * Keeve - large barrel or vat * Kerning - ripening; turning sour * Kersey - cloth woven from fine wool * Kittlebegs / kittybags - gaiters * Kyling - sea fishing * Lake - small stream or brook * Lancher / Lansher - greensward between holdings in a common field or 'viel' * Leery - empty * Lello - a fool; a carefree lad * Makth - makes * Mapsant - local saint's feast day celebrations (from Welsh ''mab'' - son; ''sant'' (holy) * Mawn - large wicker basket for animal feed * Melted - broken up, disintegrated * Mort - pigfat; lard * Mucka - a rickyard * Neargar, fargar - nearer, farther * Nestletrip / nesseltrip - smallest pig in a litter * Nice - fastidious * Nipparty / Noppit - perky * Nummit / Nommit - a simple lunch, e.g. of bread and 'soul', as might be sent to harvesters in the field (? 'noon meat'?) * Oakey - greased * Oakwib - cockchafer * Owlers - wool smugglers * Pentan - hob (from Welsh ''pen'' - head or top, ''tan'' - fire) * Pill - stream * Pilmy - dusty * Planche - to make a board floor (cf French ''plancher ''- a wooden floor) * Purty - to turn sulky * Quapp - to throb * Quat - to press or flatten * Raal - real * Rach - the last sheaf of corn to be harvested (see also 'hamrach') * Reremouse - the bat (animal) * Resiant - resident, particularly a person resident in the area but not having a feudal tenancy * Riff - short wooden stick for sharpening a scythe * Rining - mooching; scrounging * Rying - fishing * Scrabble - to gather up objects hastily * Shoat - a small wheaten loaf * Shrid - to trim a hedge * Slade - land sloping towards the sea * Soul - cheese or butter, as eaten with bread * Spleet - (1) a knitting needle (2) a quarryman's bar * Starved - perished with cold * Stiping - hobbling a sheep by tying its head to its foreleg with a band of straw * Tacker - a youngster * Tite - to overturn * Towser - a rough apron * Uddent - wouldn't * Umman - woman * Vair - a stoat or weasel * Vather - father * Vella - fellow * Viel/Vile - a field. The name is still used to describe a commonly managed field at Rhossili on Gower, which is farmed in a mediaeval strip field arrangement * Vitte - clever or smart * Vorrit - forehead * V'rall - for all * Vurriner - foreigner * Want - a mole (animal) * Weest - dismal * Whirret - a slap * Whitepot - a Gower delicacy of flour, milk & currants baked (cf Devon ''whitepot'', a sort of bread-and-butter pudding) * Wimbling - winnowing * Witches - moths * Yau - ewe * Zig - urine * Zive - scythe * Zongals/songals - corn gleanings * Zul/sul - a plough * Zz'thee knaw - do you know

Use of the dialect in art

Cyril Gwynn Cyril Gwynn (1897–1988) was a British poet, from Gower, in the City and County of Swansea. He was known as the Bard of Gower, and became a household name in Gower before leaving for Australia. His poetry was spoken rather than written, and w ...

was a Gower poet who used the Gower dialect in his poetry.

Phil Tanner Phil Tanner (16 February 1862 – 19 February 1950) was a traditional singer from Llangenith in the Gower Peninsula ( South Wales). Songs and singing style Tanner was an invaluable source of several once popular English language folk songs, ...

was a Gower singer who used the Gower dialect in his songs, including the

Gower Wassail The Gower Wassail is a wassail song from Gower in Wales, UK. Wassailing is a midwinter tradition wherein either orchards or households are blessed by guisers, which came to Wales through exposure to English custom. The song is printed in A.L. L ...

References

{{Description of English Dialects of English Welsh English

Dialect The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena: One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a ...

History

Vocabulary

Use of the dialect in art

Further reading

References